What does 'road' refer to in traffic terminology?

In traffic terminology, 'road' refers to the part of the traffic way that includes both the traveled roadway and the shoulders. This encompasses not only the paved surface where vehicles travel but also the areas adjacent to this surface that may serve various functions, such as providing a buffer for emergencies or allowing vehicles to safely maneuver off the main traveled path. Recognizing that the shoulders are an integral part of the road is essential for understanding traffic flow, safety, and road design. This definition emphasizes the entirety of the roadway infrastructure, which is crucial for effective traffic management and safety protocols.