What is referred to as the part of the shoe that comes in contact with the ground?

The part of the shoe that comes in contact with the ground is known as the outsole. This is the exterior bottom layer of the shoe, typically made from durable materials such as rubber or synthetic compounds, and is designed for traction and protection from wear on the surfaces it encounters. The outsole is critical for providing grip to prevent slipping and to enhance the durability of the shoe when used in various environments.

In contrast, the insole is the interior part that provides cushioning and support for the foot, while the midsoles act as a cushioning layer between the insole and the outsole. The upper refers to the part of the shoe that encases the top of the foot, providing structure and aesthetics. These components, while essential for the shoe's overall function and comfort, do not contact the ground, which is why the outsole is distinctively identified for its role.